Systematic Measurements of the Night Sky Brightness at 26 Locations in Eastern Austria
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Published on 2018 by
Highlights: First systematic study of the night sky brightness (NSB) in Eastern Austria with a focus on the county of Upper Austria. Detailed investigation of the circalunar periodicity of the NSB at 26 urban to alpine sites. Study of the variation of urban night sky brightness with population, cloud coverage and aerosol content. Investigation of nocturnal gradients and long-term changes in the NSB. Recommendations for the establishment of a dark sky reserve in the examined region. Abstract: We present an analysis of the zenithal night sky brightness (henceforth: NSB) measurements at 26 locations in Eastern Austria focussing on the years 2015–2016, both during clear and cloudy to overcast nights. All measurements have been performed with 'Sky Quality Meters' (SQMs). For some of the locations, simultaneous aerosol content measurements are available, such that we were able to find a correlation between light pollution and air pollution at those stations. For all locations, we examined the circalunar periodicity of the NSB, seasonal variations as well as long-term trends in the recorded light pollution. The latter task proved difficult, however, due to varying meteorological conditions, potential detector 'aging' and other effects. For several remote locations, a darkening of the overcast night sky by up to 1 magnitude is recorded – indicating a very low level of light pollution –, while for the majority of the examined locations, a brightening of the night sky by up to a factor of 15 occurs due to clouds. We present suitable ways to plot and analyze huge long-term NSB datasets, such as mean-NSB histograms, circalunar, annual ('hourglass') and cumulative ('jellyfish') plots. We show that five of the examined locations reach sufficiently low levels of light pollution – with NSB values down to 21.8 mag SQM /arcsec 2 – as to allow the establishment of dark sky reserves, even to the point of reaching the 'gold tier' defined by the International Dark Sky Association. Based on the 'hourglass' plots, we find a strong circalunar periodicity of the NSB in small towns and villages (
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